Shauna R. Campbell, DO; Ehsan H. Balagamwala, MD; Neil M. Woody, MD, MS; Kevin L. Stephans, MD

Authors examine modern treatment approaches to limited liver metastases from colorectal cancer, discussing the intent and sequencing of treatment, chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation/cryoablation, chemoembolization, radioembolization, external-beam radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), and proton therapy and the indication for each modality. The review also describes circumstances in which SBRT is preferred over other liver-directed therapies.

This program reviews fundamental MRI safety protocols and meets the annual training recommendations from the American College of Radiology. Importantly, MRI facilities must now comply with the revised requirements for diagnostic imaging from The Joint Commission and document that MRI technologists participate in ongoing education that includes annual training on safe MRI practices in the MRI environment. As such, Advanced MRI Safety Training for Healthcare Professionals, Level 2 MR Personnel covers each MRI safety topic specified by The Joint Commission, as well as many additional subjects that will expand the knowledge-base of healthcare professionals.

With more than 30 years of experience in the field of MRI, the author of the best-selling textbook series, the Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Implants and Devices, and the creator of the internationally popular website, www.MRIsafety.com, Dr. Frank G. Shellock is uniquely qualified to present the information in this program.

Advanced MRI Safety Training for Healthcare Professionals, Level 2 MR Personnel is a 150-minute program that is divided into three sections.

Educational Objectives

• Understand the safety issues related to MRI.
• Describe the bioeffects associated with the static magnetic field, time-varying magnetic, and radiofrequency fields.
• Present guidelines that prevent projectile-related accdents.
• Describe polices that avoid issues related to acoustic noise.
• Review procedures that prevent burns associated with MRI.
• Explain and demonstrate appropriate pre-MRI screening procedures.
• Identify techniques to manage patients with claustrophobia, anxiety, or emotional distress.
• Describe guidelines to handle medical emergencies in the MRI setting.
• Identify safety considerations for gadolinium-based contrast agents.

This is a Pay-To-View program. Purchase is required for full program access.

This program describes the Joint Commission’s requirements for annual training on specific MRI safety practices. In addition, it covers procedures to manage patients undergoing MRI with recommendations to prevent ferromagnetic objects from entering the MRI environment; claustrophobia, anxiety, or emotional distress; guidelines to screen patients with medical implants and devices; procedures to prevent thermal injuries; methods to handle patients requiring urgent or emergent medical care; contrast agent safety including information for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and techniques to avoid problems related to acoustic noise.

Educational Objectives

1. Describe the latest requirements from The Joint Commission for MRI with an emphasis on safety and training.
2. Present procedures for managing claustrophobic patients, screening prior to MRI, preventing ferromagnetic accidents, avoiding MRI-related thermal injuries, handling emergencies, and preventing acoustic noise issues.
3. Define methods to ensure compliance with the latest requirements from The Joint Commission for MRI safety.
4. Summarize The Joint Commission’s requirements for annual training on specific MRI safety practices.

This is a Pay-To-View program. Purchase is required for full program access.

Bindu V. Manyam, MD; Naichang Yu, PhD; Tim Meier, RTT; John H. Suh, MD; Samuel T. Chao, MD

With increases in complexity of radiation delivery and patient volume, vulnerable sources for errors may exist within radiation oncology workflow. Patterns of care recommendations are outlined by the American College of Radiology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines; however, departmental and institutional policies and standards for quality and patient safety may vary. This article examines initiatives to mitigate errors and enhance safety, and describes efforts to incorporate quality improvement and patient safety into resident education.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

As new technological advances in Magnetic Resonance & Ultrasound continue to impact how healthcare professionals diagnose and treat sports related injuries; this program from RSNA 2017 features:

The Future of MR in MSK
by Dr. Christine Chung
Unique Ultrasound Solutions in MSK and Sports Medicine
by Dr. Jon Jacobson

Each provides insight into how these modalities are transforming patient care. Also included is a live USD scanning session with Dr. Jacobson, where he provides a detailed description of his scanning techniques.

Educational Objectives

At the completion of this program, participants will be able to:

• Describe imaging techniques that can reduce scan time without decreasing image quality.
• Describe how the infrastructure of MSK tissue provides a rationale for the development of a qualitative pulse sequence.
• Be familiar with the normal appears of tendons under USD
• Recognize the common MSK pathology seen on USD
• Describe applications where dynamic USD is used in MSK imaging.

This program was originally presented live at RSNA 2017 and sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Medical Education (IAME) and supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Toshiba America Medical Systems (now Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.).

Joel Yarney, MD; Hannah Ayettey Anie, MD; Verna Vanderpuye, MD; Francis Adumata Asamoah, MD; Baffuor Awuah, MD; Clement Edusa, MD; Samuel Tagoe, PhD; Samuel Denyo, BTech; Pearl Aba Scott, MD; Francis Doughan, MPhil; Kofi Adesi Kyei, PhD; Charles Aidoo, HND; Bismark Dwobeng, MD; Rebecca Wong, MD; Horia Vulpe, MD; Shivanshu Awasthi, MPH, PharmD; Angelina Fink, MPH; Stuart Wasserman, MS; Peter Johnstone, MD; Louis Harrison, MD; Kosj Yamoah, MD, PhD

Oncologists may not be familiar with the utilization and operation of radiation therapy facilities in limited-resource settings. Additionally, oncologists interested in global radiation oncology need to understand the challenges and opportunities pertinent to the field. This article describes innovative international efforts regarding quality assurance, capacity building, and research and training that address unmet needs and improve radiation treatment for patients in Ghana, a major hub for radiation treatment in Africa.

As new technological advances in Computed Tomography continue to impact how healthcare professionals diagnose and treat patients with stroke, pancreatic and biliary cancer and other oncological disease; this program from RSNA 2017 features the following presentations. Each will provide insight into how advanced imaging is improving patient outcomes.

Saving Brain and Improving Patient Outcomes with a Better Acute Stroke Protocol
by Dr. Kenneth Snyder
Can UHR CT Improve Outcomes with Better Detection, Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic and Biliary Cancer
by Dr. Miyuki Sone
Improving Oncologic Outcomes Using a Unique 4DCT Solution
by Dr. Junsung Choi.

Educational Objectives

At the completion of this program, participants will be able to:

• Describe how advanced physiologic imaging is transforming the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
• Describe the limitations of conventional CT in the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary disease.
• Be familiar with the clinical utility of Ultra High Resolution CT Imaging.
• Describe how hybrid Angio/CT systems are providing clinical utility in interventional oncologic imaging.

This program was originally presented live at RSNA 2017 and sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Medical Education (IAME) and supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Toshiba America Medical Systems (now Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.).

PET/CT using Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used for many years as an adjunct modality to conventional imaging. Until recently, PET/CT’s main utility was in oncology and to a lesser degree cardiology and neurology. However, new radiotracers were approved by the FDA; increasing the application of PET/CT in clinical practice. This Expert Forum aims to educate medical imaging professionals about the common indications of Time of Flight (TOF) PET/CT scans using various radiotracers that include: F18- FDG, F18-Fluciclovine, GA68-DOTA-TATE, and F18-Florbetapir.

Following the presentation questions from the audience were addressed in a moderated Q&A session.

Educational Objectives

At the completion of this program, participants will be able to:

• Describe the importance of PET/CT quality.
• Describe common FDG applications.
• Describe the legacy and new FDA-approved radiotracers, their indications and cost.

This program was originally broadcast live as part of a webinar sponsored by IAME and supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Philips Healthcare.

Stephanie R. Rice, MD; Adeel Kaiser, MD; Elizabeth Nichols, MD

This review examines the role of trimodality therapy in the management of esophageal cancer, focusing on controversies surrounding the optimal total neoadjuvant RT dose employed. Current and past technologies for radiation treatment delivery and their impact on overall survival and toxicity are discussed. The authors also detail the data driving the management of resectable esophageal carcinoma, reviewing studies comparing neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery to definitive CRT, neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery to surgery alone, and controversies in radiation dose and planning considerations for preoperative resectable esophageal cancer.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

This technique, known as Multi-Energy CT, Dual Energy CT or Spectral CT, to name a few, has the potential to revolutionize the way we depict and interpret CT scans. In this Expert Forum Webcast, Dr. Kevin Smith will share his clinical experiences with the use of Multi-Energy CT in a community hospital setting.

Following the presentation questions from the audience were addressed in a moderated Q&A session.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how Dual Energy CT compares to conventional imaging.
• Review common dual energy reformats and post-processing at our institution.
• Review clinical cases in which DECT has been deployed and added value in a community setting.
• Review the radiologists workflow for handling extra series and images.

This program is supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Philips Healthcare

Wende N. Gibbs, MD, MA, and Lawrence N. Tanenbaum, MD, FACR

Hydrocephalus is a a mechanical complication of different pathologic conditions and a disease process itself.  The morphologic features are easily recognizable, but the patho-physiology remains incompletely understood.  Nearly all hydrocephalus is due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obstruction at some point between the ventricles and the systemic venous circulation.  Classification is important as it informs optimal treatment. 

Optimized imaging is vital to the success of flow diversion.  Current treatments are limited and invasive: CSF diversion via catheter or endoscopic third ventriculostomy.  Decision making relies upon high resolution imaging to determine the site of obstruction and anatomic features that may complicate the procedure.

Morphologic and physiologic imaging are used to evaluate suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).  Several morphologic measures individually and in combination have shown high positive predictive value in identifying individuals who will respond to treatment with ventricular shunting and in differentiating NPH from Alzheimer disease, which can have a similar imaging appearance.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Soehartati Gondhowiardjo, MD, PhD; Sri Mutya Sekarutami, MD, PhD; Angela Giselvania, MD; Steven Octavianus, MD; Muhamad Iqbal Assegab

To date, the exponential rates of population growth and cancer incidence often outpace the linear rate of radiation therapy services growth, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. There are many challenges faced in closing this gap and improving radiation therapy facilities and services. This review article summarizes the challenges and the efforts to overcome them.

Muhammed M. Fareed, MD; Monica Krishnan, MD; Tracy A. Balboni, MD, MPH; Hsiang-Hsuan Michael Yu, MD

Palliative radiation oncology is an integral part of radiation oncology practice with practical implications in common clinical scenarios including bone metastases, brain metastases, malignant spinal cord and cauda equina compression, tumor related bleeding, fungation, obstruction and visceral metastases. Further education and research is needed as part of residency training and beyond to enhance the spectrum of care for advanced cancer patients delivered by radiation oncologists. Supportive and palliative care skills must expand beyond the technical aspects of radiation therapy delivery to generalist palliative care competencies, including symptom management basics, communication and goals of care, advance care planning, psychosocial issues, cultural considerations, spiritual needs and ethical/legal issues.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Hina Arif-Tiwari, MBBS, MD, DNB; Philip Taylor, DO; Bobby T. Kalb, MD; and Diego R. Martin MD, PhD, FRCPC

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic debilitating inflammatory disease that currently lacks a single gold standard diagnostic test. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is an excellent modality for assessing IBD because it demonstrates a greater ability to depict submucosal pathology in comparison to other diagnostic modalities.

Although patient preparation for MRE often involves ingestion of various osmotic agents, recent research suggests that this may be unnecessary, as the high level of bowel wall contrast is sufficient even without bowel distention.

The ability to distinguish between acute forms of IBD and non-acute forms of IBD is an important role for MRI imaging. Acute flares will demonstrate mural increased T2 signal, best appreciated on fat saturation T2-weighted sequences. MRE also plays a role in the diagnosis of extra-enteric complications of IBD such as perirectal abscess or sclerosing cholangitis.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

As technological advances in MR, CT, USD, and Combined Angiography/CT systems continue to impact how healthcare is practiced, this Expert Forum Symposium Series, featuring three (3) individual presentations from experts in their respective fields; will highlight through their clinical experiences, how they are maximizing the latest advances in imaging, and assess the growing impact that artificial intelligence is having on improved patient outcomes, satisfaction and throughput.

Following the presentation questions from the audience were addressed in a moderated Q&A session.

Advanced and Emerging Ultrasound Technologies for Assessment of Liver Disease
by Andrew Trout, MD
Ultrasound Fusion Technology with Auto-Registration
by Nami Azar, MD, MBA
Advancements in Interventional Radiology Using A Combined CT & Angiography System
by Bela Kis, MD. PhD

Educational Objectives

At the completion of this program, participants will be able to:

• Identify clinical scenarios where ultrasound fusion imaging can be implemented.
• Review the role of shearwave elastography in the assessment of diffuse liver disease.
• Describe the value of the hybrid CT/angiography system in liver tumor embolization cases.

This program was originally presented live at RSNA 2018 and sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Medical Education (IAME) and supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Canon Medical Systems.

Nadia Saeed, BA

Radiation therapy remains one of the more misunderstood treatment modalities in cancer care. This article discusses the evolution of patient education in radiation oncology, discussing current education tools and practices as well as new innovations and future directions, including virtual reality, social media, apps and more.

Alysha Vartevan, DO; Crystal May, DO; and Craig E. Barnes, MD

Bone tumors are one of the most common lesions encountered by radiologists. Fortunately, most pediatric bone tumors are benign. Although cross sectional imaging such as CT or MRI can be useful, the most important imaging modality in the initial workup of a bone tumor is the plain radiograph.

Differentiating between benign and malignant bone tumors is not always straightforward; however, it is possible to distinguish between them by carefully evaluating charac-teristics such as the lesion’s type of margin, pattern of bone destruction, type of periosteal reaction and presence of an associated soft tissue mass. In addition, matrix type and tumor location can help narrow the differential diagnosis.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Computed Tomography (CT) continues to be the modality of choice in most emergency departments and is respected for its ability to quickly capture cross sectional images of the body, allowing ED physicians to quickly assess patients.

In recent years, several manufacturers have developed scanners with the ability acquire images at varying energy levels, which allow imaging professionals to differentiate the various elements of the body based on their material density and atomic numbers.

This technique has the potential to revolutionize the way we depict and interpret CT scans. In this Expert Forum Webcast, Dr. Gopal Punjabi will share his clinical experiences with the use of Spectral CT in the Emergency Department with a focus on body imaging.

Educational Objectives

At the completion of this program, participants will be able to:

• Describe scenarios where spectral CT can enhance diagnosis.
• Describe the types of images that can be obtained with spectral CT.
• Understand how to interpret the additional data acquired in spectral CT imaging.

Supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Philips Healthcare.

Andrew Kennedy, MD; Susan Garwood, MD; Allison Grow, MD, PhD; Ryan Lipscomb, MS

Multidisciplinary team members treating lung cancers may not be aware of the complexity and coordination required for delivery of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to lung masses. Shifts in practice have occurred in management of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly with regard to the role of the specialized pulmonologist (interventional pulmonology), which involves different staging techniques than traditional mediastinoscopy. This review provides key information to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation for patient selection, work up, behind-the-scenes critical quality assurance tasks, and clinical pearls for stereotactic radiation therapy for lung cancer.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Elizabeth M. Nichols, MD; Shafiq Ur Rahman, MBA, MS; Byongyong Yi, PhD

On the rise, health-related cyberattacks are generally categorized into four groups: data loss, monetary theft, attacks on medical devices and infrastructure attacks. Breaches in cybersecurity can levy drastic consequences in radiation treatment delivery and health care overall. This review article describes experiences and unique needs and strategies pertaining to radiation oncology IT infrastructure, electronic medical records, automatic time outs, treatment planning and delivery, plan verification, screen locking and more to help prevent and overcome a cyber disaster.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Shwetha Manjunath, MD; Jacob E. Shabason, MD, MTR

To date, there is little consensus on how to best combine radiation and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to maximize therapeutic gains while minimizing the potential for serious overlapping toxicities. This review summarizes relevant clinical data related to both safety and efficacy of the combination of ICB and radiation. 

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Deborah R. Shatzkes, MD

“Nomenclature has been the major obstacle to our understanding and management of vascular anomalies.” These words were written by John Mulliken over 30 years after publishing his seminal paper on the biologic basis of vascular anomalies in 1982. The intervening decades have brought tremendous progress in classification, diagnosis and therapy of this diverse group of lesions. Still, much confusion exists in the medical community, in no small part because of inaccurate and inconsistent use of nomenclature both in the liter-ature and in clinical practice.

The multidisciplinary International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) was formed in 1992 to promote research in the field of vascular anomalies and to create a uniform nomenclature that would facilitate research and clinical practice. ISSVA created a comprehensive classi-fication scheme based on Mulliken’s work on the biologic basis of disease, updated most recently in 2014 and available at issva.org/classification. The ISSVA classification and its associated nomenclature are widely accepted as the gold standard by the numerous medical specialties involved in clinical care and research related to vascular anomalies.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.