Matthew Schwenke, MD; Manu Singh, MD; and Bernard Chow, MD

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are increasing over time, with younger women at elevated risk. Meniscal tears are also a significant source of morbidity in both the younger and older populations. Surgical repair of both conditions may alleviate symptoms and allow resumption of athletic activities. Understanding of the pathogenesis, associated findings, and appearance of these injuries on all imaging modalities is critical to their accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Radiographs may show indirect signs of ACL and meniscal injuries. Ultrasonography is being utilized more often in the workup of these conditions as an adjunct to physical exam and as an initial screening tool. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) arthrography are both well suited for evaluation of these lesions, though somewhat limited by cost and access for MRI and by invasiveness for CT arthrography. ACL and meniscal tears can also be graded and classified according to their appearance on imaging which helps guide the surgeon during arthroscopy.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

G. Daniel Grass, MD, PhD; Matthew N. Mills, MD; Jacob G. Scott, MD, DPhil; Steven A. Eschrich, PhD; Javier Torres-Roca, MD

Genomics and radiomics provide an opportunity to increase the precision of radiation delivery in selection of dose and spatial delivery. Further understanding of host and tumor differences with interrogative approaches may provide opportunity to precisely deliver radiotherapy beyond spatial and anatomic features to one guided by intrinsic tumor biology. This article addresses how tumor genomic blueprints can be exploited for radiation therapy; radiomics as a noninvasive means to assessing tumor biology; clinical applications regarding treatment response, treatment planning, and toxicity; and radiogenomics utility.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Annual mammography screening can save lives because breast cancer is a progressive disease and early detection enables improved prognosis due to appropriate treatment of small nonpalpable node-negative cancers. Multiple randomized controlled trials and observational studies have shown that mammography can reduce breast cancer mortality by 30% or more.

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) first entered the breast imaging clinical arena when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved DBT in 2011. Multiple studies have shown that DBT is effective in both mammography screening and diagnostic settings. Tomosynthesis has quickly emerged as a practice-changing standard that improves the clinical accuracy of a mammogram by increasing both sensitivity and specificity; thus, reducing the masking effect of overlapping fibroglandular tissue, thereby improving breast cancer detection. The improved accuracy and overall efficiency that DBT provides, will enhance radiologists’ performance and improve the patient experience.

Learning Objectives

• Discuss the importance of breast screening mammography.
• Incorporate the differences between, and benefits of 2D and 3D mammography into routine clinical practice.
• Apply 3D tomosynthesis to improve patient care, particularly in the management of patients with dense breasts.

No special educational preparation is required for this CME/CE Activity!

Supported through an unrestricted educational grant from FUJIFILM Medical Systems U.S.A., Inc.

Naziya Samreen, MD; Candice A. Bookwalter, MD, PhD; Tatnai L. Burnett, MD; Myra Feldman, MD; Shannon P. Sheedy, MD; Christine Menias, MD; and Wendaline M. VanBuren, MD

Endometriosis affects a significant number of reproductive age women and can continue to be present after menopause. The disease is much more complex than ovarian endometriomas, and understanding histology, disease location, and the limitations and benefits of imaging can aid in the diagnosis and management of these patients.

A dedicated MRI protocol and key imaging features are used to optimize disease detection. Comprehensive cases will broaden the capacity for pattern recognition of pelvic morphologic changes, secondary associations, and features of malignant degeneration

Shauna R. Campbell, DO; Ehsan H. Balagamwala, MD; Neil M. Woody, MD, MS; Kevin L. Stephans, MD

Authors examine modern treatment approaches to limited liver metastases from colorectal cancer, discussing the intent and sequencing of treatment, chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation/cryoablation, chemoembolization, radioembolization, external-beam radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), and proton therapy and the indication for each modality. The review also describes circumstances in which SBRT is preferred over other liver-directed therapies.

Applied Radiology and William Faulkner & Associates are pleased to introduce “The Online Course for MR Safety Officers (MRSO) and MR Medical Directors (MRMD)”. This comprehensive program, focusing on MR Safety, covers many aspects relating to the safety practices of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) environment. It is designed for those individuals who are either currently serving as their facility’s MRSO and/or MRMD, or those who are preparing to assume these responsibilities. The content of this course will be helpful for those preparing for the American Board of Magnetic Resonance Safety MRSO and MRMD examinations.

The content of The Online Course for MR Safety Officers and MR Medical Directors is based upon current FDA and ACR guidelines, including the ACR Guidance Document for MR Safe Practices, as well as those promulgated by industry regulatory bodies such as the International Electrotechnical Commission.

The complete online program has been approved for up to 10 AMA PRA Category 1 credits™ (CME) and 10 Category A ARRT continuing educational credits (CE).

The Online Course for MR Safety Officers (MRSO) and MR Medical Directors (MRMD) is not affiliated with, nor endorsed by the American Board of Magnetic Resonance Safety (ABMRS)
Terms and Conditions of Use: Click To View
This is a Pay-To-View program. Purchase is required for full program access.

Nadia Saeed, BA

Compared to many other fields, quality and safety is a relatively new discipline within medicine. Many efforts to improve quality and safety in healthcare are aimed at training practicing physicians and residents through efforts such as safety courses, quality improvement project participation, and continuing medical education sessions. However, there has been increasing interest in beginning quality and safety education earlier in physicians’ training. Upstream interventions during medical education can introduce future physicians to this crucial aspect of medical practice early in their careers and have the potential to significantly improve patient safety and quality of healthcare delivery. This article discusses the considerations and dimensions of quality and safety training in medical education.

Sarah D. Fenerty, MD; Sudhir Kunchala, MD; and Matthew A. Morgan, MD

Acute biliary conditions are a common occurrence in the emergency department, but may be underappreciated on diagnostic imaging, particularly since these injuries may occur in complex patients or be a secondary injury in a patient presenting with a more obvious primary injury. The potential for delayed diagnosis could result in significant morbidity.

Since findings may be subtle, radiologists need to be comfortable with common presentations of acute biliary disease to maintain an adequate level of suspicion and detect early signs of injury. The radiologist should also be familiar with other imaging modalities that may be useful in confirming biliary injury and tailor effective follow up imaging to a patient’s clinical situation.

Soehartati Gondhowiardjo, MD, PhD; Sri Mutya Sekarutami, MD, PhD; Angela Giselvania, MD; Steven Octavianus, MD; Muhamad Iqbal Assegab

To date, the exponential rates of population growth and cancer incidence often outpace the linear rate of radiation therapy services growth, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. There are many challenges faced in closing this gap and improving radiation therapy facilities and services. This review article summarizes the challenges and the efforts to overcome them.

IV contrast extravasation is a not uncommon complication in the performance IV contrast enhanced CT examinations. In this accredited Expert Forum Webcast, we will review the different complications related to IV contrast administration. This will be followed by analysis of different factors that contribute to IV contrast-extravasation and subsequent discussion of best practices that can reduce the incidence of IV contrast extravasation. A novel method which reduced contrast extravasation by over 50% will also be presented.

Following the presentation questions from the audience were addressed in a moderated Q&A session.

Learning Objectives

• Discuss the different types of complications associated with IV contrast extravasation.
• Describe the various factors that can contribute to IV contrast extravasation.
• Apply best practices to reduce the incidence of IV contrast extravasation.

No special educational preparation is required for this CME/CE Activity!

Supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Bracco Diagnostics, Inc.

Nicholas Hardin, DO; Shaked Laks, MD; Carola Mullins, MD; Osvaldo Padilla, MD; Lisa Kafchinski, MD; and Crysela Smith, MD

Hand masses are commonly encountered entities that often cause clinical and diagnostic dilemmas due to their nonspecific clinical presentation and overlapping imaging findings. This article systematically reviews the most commonly encountered hand masses in clinical practice in order to help the radiologist gain a structured diagnostic approach and familiarity with typical clinical presentations. Furthermore, this review will strengthen the radiologist’s ability to recognize pertinent MR imaging findings and gain knowledge of the underlying pathology on a cellular level.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Hina Arif-Tiwari, MBBS, MD, DNB; Philip Taylor, DO; Bobby T. Kalb, MD; and Diego R. Martin MD, PhD, FRCPC

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic debilitating inflammatory disease that currently lacks a single gold standard diagnostic test. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is an excellent modality for assessing IBD because it demonstrates a greater ability to depict submucosal pathology in comparison to other diagnostic modalities.

Although patient preparation for MRE often involves ingestion of various osmotic agents, recent research suggests that this may be unnecessary, as the high level of bowel wall contrast is sufficient even without bowel distention.

The ability to distinguish between acute forms of IBD and non-acute forms of IBD is an important role for MRI imaging. Acute flares will demonstrate mural increased T2 signal, best appreciated on fat saturation T2-weighted sequences. MRE also plays a role in the diagnosis of extra-enteric complications of IBD such as perirectal abscess or sclerosing cholangitis.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

As technological advances in MR, CT, USD, and Combined Angiography/CT systems continue to impact how healthcare is practiced, this Expert Forum Symposium Series, featuring two (2) individual presentations from experts in their respective fields; will highlight through their clinical experiences, how they are maximizing the latest advances in imaging, and assess the growing impact that artificial intelligence is having on improved patient outcomes, satisfaction and throughput.

Following the presentation questions from the audience were addressed in a moderated Q&A session.

Deep Learning Reconstruction
by Mathias Prokop, MD
Enhanced Value of Neuro MR Imaging Using Deep Learning Reconstruction Denoising Methods
by Vincent Dousset, MD, PhD

Educational Objectives

At the completion of this program, participants will be able to:

• Discuss the clinical value of new deep learning reconstruction techniques in CT.
• Implement new de-noising methods in neuro MR imaging.

This program was originally presented live at RSNA 2018 and sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Medical Education (IAME) and supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Canon Medical Systems.

Elizabeth M. Nichols, MD; Shafiq Ur Rahman, MBA, MS; Byongyong Yi, PhD

On the rise, health-related cyberattacks are generally categorized into four groups: data loss, monetary theft, attacks on medical devices and infrastructure attacks. Breaches in cybersecurity can levy drastic consequences in radiation treatment delivery and health care overall. This review article describes experiences and unique needs and strategies pertaining to radiation oncology IT infrastructure, electronic medical records, automatic time outs, treatment planning and delivery, plan verification, screen locking and more to help prevent and overcome a cyber disaster.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Douglas H. Sheafor, MD, FSAR

In postoperative bariatric patients, internal hernias are one of the most common, and dreaded postoperative complications; unfortunately, these hernias are also challenging to diagnosis clinically and radiographically. This article highlights several keys to correct diagnosis of the postoperative internal hernia, including understanding the common postoperative anatomy, optimizing CT imaging using oral contrast and multiplanar reformats, and combining findings such as swirling of the mesentery, bowel obstruction and other CT abnormalities to increase the specificity of diagnosis. In the acute-care setting, radiologists should have a high index of suspicion for internal hernias in the setting of prior RYGB surgery and signs of obstruction, particularly given their association with closed loop obstruction and bowel ischemia mandating prompt surgical intervention.

This technique, known as Multi-Energy CT, Dual Energy CT or Spectral CT, to name a few, has the potential to revolutionize the way we depict and interpret CT scans. In this Expert Forum Webcast, Dr. Kevin Smith will share his clinical experiences with the use of Multi-Energy CT in a community hospital setting.

Following the presentation questions from the audience were addressed in a moderated Q&A session.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how Dual Energy CT compares to conventional imaging.
• Review common dual energy reformats and post-processing at our institution.
• Review clinical cases in which DECT has been deployed and added value in a community setting.
• Review the radiologists workflow for handling extra series and images.

This program is supported through an unrestricted educational grant from Philips Healthcare

Michael D. Chuong, MD; Shahed Badiyan, MD; Matthew Hall, MD, MBA; Smith Apisarnthanarx, MD

Although there is general awareness that modern radiation technologies both reduce normal organ dose while permitting safe dose escalation in nonoperable EC patients, there is lack of consensus about how these technologies should be routinely employed in the clinic. There clearly is need for well-designed clinical trials to guide clinical decision making in this regard, several of which are being planned (NCT01102088) or already underway (NCT01512589). This course examines how contemporary radiation technologies can improve the therapeutic index, including both reduced cardiopulmonary and hematologic toxicity and higher tumor control, for nonoperable esophageal cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiation.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Samir Mehta, MD, and Jonathan Dorff, MD

The discovery of incidental asymptomatic pancreatic masses has gone up dramatically with the advent and increasing accessibility of CT and MRI.

It is imperative to understand the different imaging features and behaviors of these masses on CT and MRI to construct an appropriate differential diagnosis, as recommendations based on these masses are very different. Knowledge of the relevant clinical history and patient populations affected is also important to formulate an accurate diagnosis. It is also important to recognized pitfalls in diagnosing the masses, as there are both typical and atypical appearances.

There are also mimics of pancreatic masses that lead to unnecessary follow-up and workup, for which the radiologist should be aware. A multimodality approach is frequently needed to narrow the differential diagnosis, though tissue sampling is usually required for a definitive diagnosis.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Alysha Vartevan, DO; Crystal May, DO; and Craig E. Barnes, MD

Bone tumors are one of the most common lesions encountered by radiologists. Fortunately, most pediatric bone tumors are benign. Although cross sectional imaging such as CT or MRI can be useful, the most important imaging modality in the initial workup of a bone tumor is the plain radiograph.

Differentiating between benign and malignant bone tumors is not always straightforward; however, it is possible to distinguish between them by carefully evaluating charac-teristics such as the lesion’s type of margin, pattern of bone destruction, type of periosteal reaction and presence of an associated soft tissue mass. In addition, matrix type and tumor location can help narrow the differential diagnosis.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Tamara Vern-Gross, DO, FAAP

Because of the low incidence of pediatric malignancies, no consensus has been reached on the best practices for the delivery of pediatric palliative radiation therapy. As a result, current practice is extrapolated from adult literature and single institutional series. In addition to the technologies for palliation of pediatric patients are essential components of communication for meeting medical and psychosocial needs of the families and patients; these needs are not always addressed. A multidisciplinary approach with appropriate care and communication addressing patient questions and needs provides meaning and improved quality of life during this phase of treatment.

Available for SA-CME Credit. To receive SA–CME credit, you must complete the post exam and review the discussion and references provided with the exam results.

Anyone who enters the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment, whether on a regular or infrequent basis, must be properly trained to ensure their safety, the protection of patients, and the security of other facility staff members. This program, Basic MRI Safety Training, Level 1 MR Personnel accomplishes the initial training that is necessary to ensure safety in the unique setting associated with the MRI system. It includes information pertaining to MRI technology, describes common hazards and unique dangers associated with the MRI setting, and presents vital recommendations and guidelines to prevent accidents and injuries. Importantly, this program provides the fundamental MRI safety information for Level I MR Personnel recommended by the American College of Radiology and may be utilized by individuals desiring preparation for safety training as, Level 2 MR Personnel.

With more than 30 years of experience in the field of MRI, the author of the best-selling textbook series, the Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Implants and Devices, and the creator of the internationally popular website, www.MRIsafety.com, Dr. Frank G. Shellock is uniquely qualified to present the information in this program.

Educational Objectives

• Appreciate the importance of MRI
• Identify the hazards associated with MRI
• Understand the screening process
• Describe steps to prevent accidents and injuries

This is a Pay-To-View program. Purchase is required for full program access.